Everything about Gaspard Bauhin totally explained
Gaspard Bauhin, or
Caspar Bauhin (
January 17,
1560 –
December 5,
1624), was a
Swiss botanist who wrote
Pinax theatri botanici (1596), which described thousands of plants and classified them in a manner that draws comparisons to the later
binomial nomenclature of
Linnaeus. He also worked on human
anatomical nomenclature.
His brother,
Johann Bauhin, or
Jean Bauhin, was also a physician and
botanist.
Jean and Gaspard were the sons of
Jean Bauhin (1511-1582), a French
physician who had to leave his native country on becoming a convert to Protestantism. Gaspard was born at
Basel and studied medicine at
Padua,
Montpellier, and in
Germany. Returning to Basel in 1580, he was admitted to the degree of doctor, and gave private lectures in
botany and
anatomy. In 1582 he was appointed to the
Greek professorship in that university, and in 1588 to the chair of anatomy and botany. He was later made city physician, professor of the practice of medicine, rector of the university, and dean of his faculty.
The
Pinax theatri botanici (English,
Illustrated exposition of plants) is a landmark of botanical history, describing some 6,000 species and classifying them. The classification system wasn't particularly innovative, using traditional groups such as "trees", "shrubs", and "herbs", and using other characteristics such utilization, for instance grouping
spices into the
Aromata. He did correctly group
grasses,
legumes, and several others. His most important contribution is in the description of genera and species. He introduced many names of genera that were later adopted by Linnaeus, and remain in use. For species he carefully pruned the descriptions down to as few words as possible; in many cases a single word sufficed as description, thus giving the appearance of a two-part name. However, the single-word description was still a description intended to be diagnostic, not an arbitrarily-chosen name (in the Linnaean system, many species names honor individuals, for instance).
In addition to
Pinax Theatri Botanici, Gaspard planned another work, a
Theatrum Botanicum, meant to be comprised in twelve parts folio, of which he finished three; only one, however, was published (1658). He also gave a copious catalogue of the plants growing in the environs of Basel, and edited the works of
Pietro Andrea Mattioli (1500-1577) with considerable additions. His principal work on anatomy was
Theatrum Anatomicum infinitis locis auctum (1592).
Linnaeus honored the Bauhin brothers in the genus name
Bauhinia. The standard
author abbreviation C.Bauhin is applied to species he described.
Further Information
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